Over in China, nothing much was new, even new dynasties were formed. The good'o game/play of passing throne from one generation to the next was continuing with many government officials playing along. Since 满 race loved to ride horses, the term 拍马屁 was invented.

康熙 红花会 雍正/乾隆 嘉庆/和珅

清 was already part of the world economy with globalization in the minds of the leading governmental officials, but not of ordinary people. General public in China did not realize or did not pay too much attention to the fact that 康熙 emperor and his princes, along with there armies and cavalries had to fend off raids from Russians and Mongolians up north and weighing the decision of whether to use help from Portuguese or Dutches to retake 台湾. But the Chinese mindset had little room for the thoughts about the world outside of what had been traditionally conceptualized as 中原, 中国 or middle kingdom. When a person or a country is in a wealthy position envious by others, it is quite easy for that person or country to ignore what others were doing or thinking (饱汉子不知饿汉子饥). To concentrate on partying, indulging, wasting and squandering wealth would be stressful enough, as you would hear so many wealthy celebrities say anytime anywhere in the world. Some said it's good to be a king and some others would say it's tough and stressful to be a superstar. For the reason of laziness and arrogance, China sank into backwardness and admiration of its own achievement of prosperity, without noticing the rest of the world was developing and hunger for conquering and colonization.

Age of Renaissance in Europe made successors of Roman Empire moving both ways. Eastward, Russian started from Moscow viewed themselves as the successor or Eastern Roman Empire and moved steadily east all the way to the Pacific. Westward, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, Britain took the torch one after another until finally passing along the torch to this group of people called Americans.

The founding of America and its growth nicely reflect the path of Rome or many other nations in the history, but was played out in a different bigger and fancier theater. A group of migrants came to a new area that was sparsely populated, due to curiosities, adventurous spirits, desires to run away from wars and famines, beliefs to glorify religious deity, or searches for better economic opportunities.

In Europe, people no longer fight hundred year wars, but instead fought for wars that lasted about thirty years. From Defenestration of Prague and the "thirty year war" to "the war that ended all wars", Europeans were becoming increasingly militaristic. All the wars went by text books style as if they were games and drills with rules and referees. On the ocean, English fought Spanish and defeated the Spanish Armada -- a struggle between Catholic and non-Catholic powers. On the land, thirty year war, another struggle between Catholic and non-Catholics, followed by the Treaty of Westphalia. Church no longer controls too many states in Europe. Whether to give sovereignty to Jesus Christ, kings or group of noblemen, was the choice of each nation-state.

England stayed out of the Thirty-year war to fight its own war within the border, featuring Oliver Cromwell beheading Charles I. Irish, Scottish had been battling English for many, many years, and Oliver Cromwell further added animosity between English and Irish.

British then fought the Dutches to juggle for the navel supremacy in Western Europe and control of the new world. The end result was New Amsterdam had its name changed to New York, after Duke of York.

Horses were introduced into America by Spaniards, although modern day American cowboy and western movies often portrayed American Indians as cunning riders who could shoot between legs of the horses, as if they were like Mongolians who were born with horses. The fact remains, they were introduced to riding fairly late, but were quick learners and practiced very diligently too. Conquistadors diligently killed native Americans in the vast area of South America, believing they are the kind of "human" made according to the image of God, therefore their thinking must represent God's will. They called the native American Indians "barbarians", ignoring the fact that native Americans were made of an image not that far from the image of God either, if indeed human image is the image of God. Evil of religion continued to spread through space and time, while many religious people will continue to cry innocently about how Christian had been the most severely punished religion in the history of mankind, while trying to spread gospel and kindness to the non-believers.

It was said wars usually propelled technological advancements. With Western Europe constantly involved in wars one time or another, industrial revolution was in full force in the region. Europe also entered a time when rulers like to be called "Great", such as Peter the Great, or Fredrick the Great, maybe it was the later generation gave them those "great" names. About the time when 乾隆 over in China was having his tours of a life time, 到处留诗没一首好诗，到处写字没一幅好字, Peter the Great was also having his 微服私访 of a good time in Europe.

Soon problems in world trade and colonialism reached a boiling point along with industrial revolution. Imperialistic nations in the world wanted to reallocate their properties like reshuffling a deck of cards and redraw. It seemed many countries, who later evolved into Central power such as Prussia and Austria, fought quite a lot with Russia in the Eastern part of Europe. Over in Western Europe, English, French and Spanish started a new round of diplomatic and militaristic campaigns over the American colonies. French and English also fought for trade controls in India. Europeans decided not to fight hundred year wars or thirty year wars this time, but instead to fight a seven year war, pitching most of the major European powers. After the period, French lost most of their big colonies in North America, and victory bells sounded frequently in streets of London.

After a series of victories in North America, subjects of King George III living in Britain thought they should levy more taxes on subjects of King George III living in North America. After all, they had just risked their lives and wealth to protect "their" subjects in the overseas colonies, wouldn't it be fair for those subjects to pay more and be grateful? The ungrateful Americans refused to pay with the reason that they should be "no tax without representation". Machiavellian philosopher was proven true again that "human nature is selfish, love is soon forgotten, but fear will not". The British king decided to use the heavy-handed approach and parliament/people agreed, making demands for colonialists to pay. Colonialists convened and discussed, then organized militias like armed forces such as "minute-man". Initially, colonists only wanted to get more representation in the parliament, but as more and more "English are coming", more and more colonists eventually moved into a full-fledged demand for independence, with stronger and stronger resolve.

No foreign power step in to support the American Independence war until they finally realized the rugged mob called "continental army" was capable of beating English professional soldiers with a fairly high frequency. Then the French started formally declare war against British and even sent in an expedition forces and a navy ships to the North American theater. After the tides were turned in favor of the Americans, there were still a lot of work left to do.

It was said that armatures study tactics, and professionals study logistics. Besides George Washington, another great contributor to the American Revolution was Nathaniel Greene, a general who was a good quartermaster general to start his military career. He actually pave the way which led to the victory for the siege of Yorktown, with French navy plugging in the last hole in the escape route of the British. Other significant contributors to American Revolution War included Horatio Gates, Anthony Wayne (later a famous Indian fighter), Lafayette (later went back and joined French Revolution because he came from France). American continental army at one point tried to capture Quebec in Montreal, the hero of which Benedict Arnold, became the most famous traitor in American history.